Conan Doyle and Ronald Dahl Essay Example for Free

Conan Doyle and Ronald Dahl EssayIn this essay I am going to examine the two stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and Ronald Dahl, The Speckled Band and Lambs to the Slaughter. I will do so by comparing, contrasting, and explaining what the two writers are trying to say in each bill because both stories are very antithetical but both are the same genre. I will also explain what a genre is, and give examples of their galore(postnominal) types. I will start with The Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The tosh contains one of the most famous fictional detectives the world has ever known, Sherlock Holmes. This typeface was created by Sir Arthur and surfaced in 1887 in Victorian times.The Victorians completely fell for the fictional lawsuit because crime was high school in London at this time no one was safe. They also liked the character because he cracked every case and always defeated evil. When Doyle tried to kill of the character in 1893, in that respect was a public outcry and Doyle received death threats warning him to keep Holmes alive. The language used is first person and it seems like the story is aimed at a type of upper class because it uses more sophisticated words for intelligent large number. Where as Lambs to the Slaughter is third person and it is aimed at ordinary people with average intellectual.Dahl has made it that way because this is his style. This makes the story easier to read. The Speckled Band begins with a very long opening paragraph and this is just to explain the scene and setting. The story starts with Watson explaining how many cases him and Holmes have got to deal with and this lasts for 9 lines which is unusual for an opening sentence. This doesnt give the story any atmosphere, suspense or tension and its really up to you if that exact bit can make you want to read on. They usually are short to give you an instant view of what is going on.Dr Watson is telling the story and he is one of Holmess assistants and prob ably best friend, who help him with cases. He looks up to Holmes and admires him, he is devoted to him. In Lambs to the Slaughter it starts by giving you the setting and the mood of the story straight away by saying The room was warm and clean, the curtains drawn, the two table lamps alight hers and the one by the empty cfuzz opposite. This gives you an image in your head of exactly what the room looks like and how it haves and you can tell this all from the first sentence This adds to the atmosphere.Another character in this is Dr Grimesby Roylott who is the other main character in the story and he is the villain. Dr Roylott comes across as a very strong, aggressive and nasty man. Not one to mess with. This is a title people have given him because of past criminal offences, selfish, evil, uncivilised, rude behaviour, greed for financial gain, his brutality towards women and his frightening expressions of his savage, primitive nature (i. e. his mania, violent temper and physical c ruelty). fifty-fifty before Dr Roylott enters the story you get a picture of what type of man he is when Helen Stoner comes to Holmes for help and protection.This is where we hear most of the things about him. That he has irrepressible anger, terrifying power to intimidate and threaten, etc. Holmes and Watson have the job of consoling Miss Stoner. With his appearance he is a huge man with brown hair down to the shoulder and blood shoot eyes. He also has very large hands. Three words I would use to describe him are intelligent, contrivance and aggressive. He also isolates him self from the outside world and I think thats another reason why people are suspicious of him. This is every different from the villain in Lambs to the Slaughter.Mrs Mary Maloney is the very nice and pleasant wife for her husband. She does everything he ask of him, has the dinner on the table each night when he comes in at five oclock. She cooks, cleans and washes for him Mary is extremely happy in her relatio nship until one day her husband tells her that he has been having an affair. She decides to take it as a dream at first and believes if she carries on as normal she might have imagined it. So she goes down to the cellar to get the meat for supper. As she comes can up he says, For Gods sake, dont make me supper Im going out and at that moment without any pause she simply walked up behind him, swung the leg of lamb high in the air and brought it down as hard as she could on his head. The mysterious thing about these two villains is that when Dr Roylott gets caught for the murder of Miss Stoners sister you feel happy and glad that he has been rightly accused and he deserves what he gets The twist is that when Mrs Maloney gets completely away with the murder of her husband you get a hotshot of feeling that pleases you because even though she has done wrong and should be punished.She has been calm and cunning about the situation and handled it well. Its as if you want her to get away w ith it knocked out(p) of the two Stories I prefer Lambs to the Slaughter because it is easier to read and understand but I like both because a lot of thought has gone into the eyepatch and that makes it more interesting. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Education in Culture Essay Example for Free

Education in Culture EssayEducation in todays existence is far more divers(prenominal) from the education it was before. Nowadays, as technologies and industries progress onwards, the need for education becomes more vital. Education is about learning and withal pedagogy skills. As a part of the society, education has played major roles non only on passing culture from one generation to another still also in helping establish a more stable society. Education also denotes on the process of drawing out certain skills or making someone realize the use of some skills that he has on its own. And as the world develops, the entirety of education also has changed. Now, it encompasses different disciplines such as philosophy, psychology, biology, history, sciences, sociology and many others. Education is believed to have started once a person is born and ends until he dies. Each and every person defines education differently from others. Education lav be attained steady without the presence of proper schooling. It is the experience and the applications of the things learned that counts on what one has attained.Different cultures in the world have a different point of view on the idea of education. Their definition and ideas about education is highly embarked on the way they spend their everyday lives, how they eat their food, how they please their gods or how they rear their young. Basically, perspectives about education and how learning is done in a particular place is based on their culture. The United States is one of the countries that belong to the horse opera culture. Its culture started even before it became a country.Now, as the world progresses and along with the different factors of culture combination and transfer, the United States is one of the diverse and multi cultural nations. overdue to the strong British ties that have happened in the past, the United States culture is greatly influenced by the British culture. Other influences also includ e European countries who once wage part in the history of the US such as Poland, Italy, Germany, Ireland and the Natives of America. Due to rampant migration and trade during the past, the western part of Africa has also played important roles in the structure of culture of the United States today.As one of the leading countries in the world today, the culture of the United States requires education as one of the needs of its severally and every citizen. In its education system, children ranging from the ages five to six are necessitated to attend school. At the age of five most children starts schooling in kindergarten, then, they attend unsubdivided from ages six to eleven, middle school from eleven to fourteen then high school from fourteen to eighteen. There are two forms of education in the States mankind and private.Public education in the United States is funded by the federal government and by each of the individual states. These funds came mainly from the taxes in the c ity of the states and not as education fund given by the federal government. On the other hand, private education in the United States receives little or no government support at all. And since most of the private schools are governed by religious organizations, these private institutions are disqualified from direct government support. Students who have gradatory from the secondary level may still pursue education in universities.There are different Universities in the States. Some are funded both by the local and federal government and some are governed by private institutions. Due to the status of the United States in the world today, it is one of the countries in the world with the most advanced and most extensive educational systems and procedures. Education as a primary requirement in the States is offered in all levels from the children to the youth and even to the adults. Aside from learning as its main propose, education in theStates seeks to promote wisdom, democracy, nat ionalism, equality and development not only of the state and the country but also the self. References Greenberg, I. (2007). Vocational education, Work Culture and the Children of Immigrants in 1930s Bridgeprort. Journal of Social History. Volume 41. No. 1. Reed. T. V. (2007). Popular Culture Resources for Critical Analysis, Retrieved, November 23, 2005, from http//www. wsu. edu/amerstu/pop/. USA larn Guide. (2007). American Culture US Culture Info. Retrieved, November 23, 2007, from http//www. usastudyguide. com/americanculture. htm.

Strategic ability of Hong Leong Bank

St countgic ability of Hong Leong chamferHong Leong intrust Berhad was found by Ji Chiew. The shore starts operations in 1905 in Kuching, Sarawak. In 1 January 1982, the thinker Office relocated from Kuching to Kuala Lumpur. The consolidation of banking institution to meet the requirement of cashbox Negara Malaysia marks a nonher milest wiz for Hong Leong Bank Berhad. Hong Leong Bank Berhad was listed on Kuala Lumpur Stock deepen on 17 October 1994. The food food market place crownworkization as of recent days is RM 470 million, according to bank website. Hong Leong Bank has diversified the businesses into monetary go, manufacturing, and property and infrastructure learning. The function availcapable be personal monetary emoluments such as credit lineups, investment, loan, deposits, insurance, priority banking, personal banking and Hong Leong Club Rewards for customer loyalty (Hong Leong Bank, 2009).Industry psycho compend2.1 Why Porters 5 mystifysPorters model d etermines the hawkishness of an validation using the five different forces and shows how the forces be related. To develop business strategies effectively, organizations must understand and act in response to those forces. (Porter, 1985) (Fornell and Wernerfelt, 1987)Rivalry Among Existing CompetitorsThere argon 37 banks, which be recognized and licensed to operate in Malaysia and more monetary institution atomic number 18 opening soon. The trend of increment of the consequence of banks within the application is fast and there are great challenges for HLB to create and maintain a good market share. Other banks are seems to be more aggressive to get and retain customers. This force is not in favor of Hong Leong Bank. (BNM, 2009)Threat of Substitute Products and Services neverthe slight though there are many fiscal institutions available, some laughable facilities set up only be obtained from the bank only. American Express facilities, co-branded products (e.g. MTV), highe r delight rate, club rewards, junior/senior savings, overdraft are the few products which only available to this bank. and then this force is in favor to the bank. (Hong Leong Bank, 2009) (BNM, 2009)Bargaining Power of BuyersHaving the whole crop of financial players a violate from the retail banks, it is evident that customers can move within the 40 operators and can also decide to switch to the other non-banking institutions. Their choice can counterbalance extend to the insurance companies, depending on the nature of the product. For instance if a customer is looking for a small amount of loan, he/she can even get the said product from organizations like AEON, etc. The close location of various banks is also giving customer a very high bargain power too. For instance in a location of Puchong Jaya, a pertinacious the street of Jalan Kenari it is easy to find at least 9 banks within 100 meters Maybank, ordinary Bank, Eon Bank, CIMB Bank, HSBC, Alliance Bank, Bank Simpanan N asional, UOB. With this concentration the bargaining of customers always goes high before customers start looking on a differentiated service. For the said bank, this is abruptly a negative favor since the potential customers can shift easily to different psyche. (BNM, 2009)Bargaining Power of SuppliersThe core business of the Hong Leong Bank is product and services which mainly focal pointes on safety of monetary management. The suppliers exit some tangibles like checkbooks, lockers, private banking, priority banking. The impact of these in HLB is not much significant since they are not really like the raw material. (Hong Leong Bank, 2009)Threat of New EntrantsThe Bank Negara Malaysia has set a minimum capital requirement of RM5 billion for a bank to be registered. The conditions set for registering a bank are not difficult to obtain, hence entry barriers become low. Thus more foreign possessed financial firms are keen to open their business in Malaysia. Certainly these instit utions will pose threat on breathing banking business as theyll have unique products and services. This force is not in favor of Hong Leong Bank. . (Hong Leong Bank, 2009)From the above analysis of HLB 5 forces analysis, the diagram below will provide a summary of the banks overall industry analysis.Threat of New Entrants(-)Threat of Substitute Products and Services(+)Bargaining Power of Buyers(-)Rivalry among existing competitors(-)Bargaining Power of Buyers(+)2.2 Limitations of the Porters ModelPorters 5 force analysis talks about the outer forces applicable to the outside of business. Todays business is much more vast and robust requiring dynamic approaches which should be an integration of different approaches quite a than depends on a single analysis. Internal factor analysis requires much analysis as external. Designing, visioning and learning approaches should be gestateed when an industry analysis is done. Proters 5 forces are deprivation of these factors. (Porter, 1985 ) (Gronroos, 1997)strategic Capability Analysis3.1 StakeholdersStakeholder Analysis identifies important groups of people or individuals that can have an influence on the Project. These Stakeholders can have their own objectives and views, which may differ and conflict with other Stakeholders. A Stakeholder Analysis is required to identify all the parties who are directly or indirectly considered by the enterprises operations. This includes not only the traditional shareholders, but also some new groups that the insights of sustainable development tell us must be consulted in decisions that affect them. (Roberts, Varki, and Brodie, 2003) (Fombrun and Shanley, 1990)In an organization, internal stakeholder is the employees or people who work at heart the organization. External stakeholders exist outside the organization but have a direct arouse in what it does (e.g. shareholders, governments, customers) etc. (Roberts, Varki, and Brodie, 2003)3.2 get up Analysis3.2.1 Why wad Anal ysis? fig out analysis is a tool for auditing an organization and its environment. It is the first stage of provision and helps marketers to focus on key issues. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors. Opportunities and threats are external factors. (Spreng and Chiou, 2002)In SWOT, strengths and weaknesses are internal factors and opportunities and threats are external factors.3.2.2 Hong Leong Bank SWOT AnalysisStrengthHong Leong Bank Berhad (HLB) principal activity is providing consumer-banking services including credit cards, investment, mortgage, deposits, insurance and priority banking. Other activities include business banking, trade financing, working capital facilities, treasury, foreign exchange, money market operations, capital market securities trading, investment, and takaful business. It has been recognized as one of the most profitable bank in Malaysia. (Hong Leong Bank, 2009)It has 186 branches, 17 business centers with talented and motivated employees throughout Malaysia making it one of the most widened banking sectors in Malaysia.Their first award year 2004, an acknowledgement for their active participation in spurring the ontogeny of the SMEs in the country. This award certainly spur Hong Leongs strength to bring more value added financial services to customers and the SMI community and to help them face the extremely dispute and competitive business environment both lo mobilizey and globally.Launched in October 2005 the Hong Leong Mobile Credit Card is the first of its kind, allowing customers who are provided with a six-digit personal identification number (PIN) to pay for goods and services using mobile phones via short messaging service (SMS). This offering is the result of Hong Leong Bank tie-up with technology provider Mobile coin International Sdn. Bhd. This unique method of payment, known as Mobile Money is speedy, convenient and terms effective. Using onl y the mobile phone for approval of proceedings and payments, there is no longer a conduct for the physical plastic card, merchant terminals or Internet terminals. Payment requests are delivered via SMS. There is no need for card members to be present at the point of sales or at the merchant outlets. Payments can therefore be made from wherever card members are, at whichever place where there are mobile phone signals. (Hong Leong Bank, 2009)In 2007, Hong Leong Bank bagged the Asian Bankers Best e-Banking Project 2007 with its Internet banking offering, Hong Leong Online. The award recognizes the best appear technology practices and benchmarks in Asia Pacific banks. Apart from the Asian Banker award, Hong Leong has also been ranked as the third most popular Malaysian online banking site. Online banking transactions helped the bank give birth about RM24mil from March to October 2007 as each online transaction cost about 20% compared with about RM3.50 for every over-the-counter tran saction.WeaknessIn line with its substantive customer service culture, the HLB continues to maintain its superior delivery standards which have been behind against international ISO standards. HLB is yet attained bank-wide ISO 90012000 certifications for customer service at the front component part of its branches and bank-wide loan delivery service. This is a major drawback for the HLB to have a better customer base. (Hong Leong Bank, 2009)As to postulate in the industry of banking, interest rate is a major challenge as customer will choose for a higher interest rate for savings account and for the lowest interest rate for the loans that the customers are seeking for their financial assistances and better service for the customer. Hong Leong Bank take to change according to the environment as to compete and remain as the market leader. (Hong Leong Bank, 2009)As Hong Leong Bank has moved ahead to the Electronic banking or transaction there is greater risk or security threats cir culated to the users of online banking or transaction. There are non technical threats such as phising whereby it is the act of tricking someone into giving them confidential information or tricking them into doing something that they normally wouldnt do. The common applications of this approach is to send distort emails (email spoofing) to a victim purporting to come from a legitimate source and requesting information (such as the bank account number and the password) or directing the victim to a fake internet website where this information can be captured.OpportunitiesThe bank may recruit young and talented staffs and provide them proper training to create a talent base as well as provide job to those who are in need. This may also reduces the unemployment rates in Malaysia. This talent base is able to adopt with internal formation and usually stay with the bank until the end. (Hong Leong Bank, 2009)As the banking industry grows and provides opportunities for the local customers indirectly it also given an opportunity to the foreigners who stays in Malaysia. They tend to use banking services more frequently to have different types of account. This additional customer base will bring more money inside the bank and of course banks will gain profit from various types of transactions. (Hong Leong Bank, 2009)Bringing the bank closer to the consumer could be the vital opportunity. Providing a payment gateway where air card could be used as like a credit card for everyday usages. Since these customers will use won money, bank may win them to save more to get more benefits. Establishing more ATM and branches and electronic features (e.g Western Union money transfer) will definitely bring more customers in. (Hong Leong Bank, 2009)Threats relaxation behavior of distributing credit card could be a disturbing role the bank is playing. While credit card repayments are depends fully on customer payment, if it is not paid, bank has to go long way. (Hong Leong Bank, 2009 )The bank is not really in forefront direct to introduce new products and service as market read changes. It if often seen that the bank introduces the products in different name when the service is already available in the market by other bank. (Hong Leong Bank, 2009)3.2.3 Limitations of SWOT AnalysisSWOT analysis usually very subjective. It simply looks at the negative factors first in order to turn them into positive factors. So it is advisable to use SWOT as guide and not as prescription. (Spreng and Chiou, 2002)Strategic Choices4.1 Generic Strategy4.1.1 Why Porters Generic StrategyGeneric strategies are widely used directly even though it was invented in 1980s. Three options are available for organizations to adopt to achieve sustainability which are cost leadership, differentiation and focus. Each of the three options are considered in two aspects of the competitive environment (i) Competitive advantage talks about the prices (high or low) of the products, (ii) Competitive scope talks about the market size (narrow or broad). (Porter, 1985) (Chen, 1999) (Sanzo et al, 2003) overall Cost LeadershipThe low cost products are the product leader in the market. It may also included the time required to create and delivery the products to customers. As it is mentioned earlier, using online banking, it would help the bank as well as customers to save more. Developing and maintaining online business is not low-priced itself. Yet it could provide vital thumbs-up to banks generic strategy. If more customers opt for online transactions, bank wouldnt have to spent time on serving customer physically thus itll requires less resources (e.g. less branch, less employees). These less resources will push ahead the bank with extra finance to improve other services. (Harris and Goode, 2004) (Sanzo et al, 2003)DifferentiationDifferentiated goods and services are knowing to satisfy the customers with the lowest price/cost available for similar kind of products. HLB Flexi F D is a fixed deposit product which gives higher interest rate to the customer. Thus the bank will be in risk of loosing money. So it has to bring and retain much customer to brood the loss. The loss must be cover to be competitive. Since banking industry changes rapidly, HLB will have to customize the products and services over times to hold ensure customer satisfaction. (Dannenberg and Kellner, 1998) (Jones, Mothersbaugh, and Beatty, 2000)FocusIn focus an organization can afford n both a wide scope cost leadership nor does a wide scope differentiation strategy, Here an organization focus effort and resources on a narrow segment of a market. Competitive advantage is generated ad hocally for the niche. A company has two options to choose use either a cost focus or a differentiation focus. Taken example of HLB structured investments. Invested amounts are 3rd-party transactions and bank itself doesnt provide any attempt of returns of money to the customer. In this segment, HLB is a low profile character. Even though bank is charging some commission on the investments, customers who are willing to invest are to do so at own risk. (Jarvelin and Lehtinen, 1996) (Evans and Beltramini, 1987)4.2 Strategic Directions4.2.1 Why Ansoff MatrixThe Ansoff Growth matrix is a strategicalal direction tool that helps businesses decides their strategies for growth. Ansoffs product/market growth matrix discuss about the strategies on which the business deliver new or current products in new or current markets. Overall output of Ansoff product/market matrix is sets of strategies that set the direction for the business growth. (Auh et al, 2007) (Sanzo et al, 2003) These are described belowMarket penetrationMarket penetration is a general name of selling current products into current markets. The bank continuously introduces loan and credit products to customers to leap ahead. Since the banks most incomes come from loan and credit facility, mold of current products will ensure m arket growth and increase of usages by existing customers. Market penetration for HLB will be focused on the interchange markets that it is very familiar with, competitors are known, customer needs are defined and returns are potential. (Gustafsson, Johnson, and Roos, 2005) (Agrawal, 2001)http//strategyiseverywhere.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/ansoff_matrix.pngMarket developmentMarket development tells about the diffusion of current products in new market. With its existing banking facilities, the bank introduces private banking for the customers who loves personal banking. For everyday needs of banking, investment, loan, protection a dedicated personal banker is always there to serve the individual customer to fill their needs. These personal banking is nothing different than existing policies focus goes to its loyal customers which puts big amount inside the bank. (Dannenberg and Kellner, 1998) (Filotto, Tanzi, and Saita, 1997)Product developmentProduct development is the name gi ven to a growth strategy where a business aims to introduce new products into existing markets. Saving multiplier plans is lately introduced by the bank. Hong Leong Savings Multiplier Plan is a unique investment tool that utilizes the powerful concept of Dollar-Cost-Averaging and offers a customized solution to tackle the distinct financial challenges throughout different life stages be it to secure a comfortable retirement or to ensure a steady flow of pension-like funds or for putting aside adequate funds even for childrens education. Islamic banking is another example of product development. (Metawa and Almossawi, 1998) (Haron, Ahmad and Planisek, 1994).DiversificationDiversification is the growth strategy where new products are to be delivered in new market. This strategy is more risky for business growth as often business takes longer time to survive in a new market. HLB recently spread their business in Vietnam. Since Vietnamese culture differs from Malaysia, the bank has to adopt the culture as well as compete with well generateed Vietnamese banks. (Shankar, Smith, and Rangaswamy, 2003) (Evans and Beltramini, 1987)4.3 Method for Pursuing Strategic DirectionForward Looking PolicyMonetary policy management needs a forward-looking policy due to the time gap between policy actions and their intended effects on output and inflation. HLB built a macro model which would determine the impact of policy actions. Understanding the microeconomic factors are important too determine the inter-linkage of monetary policy mechanism. (Fornell and Wernerfelt, 1987)Deepening of Financial MarketsNew financial products are traded in the Money/Bonds market by the introduction of Hong Leong Banks Debt Capital Markets Structured Finance (DCM/Structured Finance) unit within Wholesale Banking provides innovative tailored solutions to financial institutions, corporate, agencies and high net-worth individuals through comprehensive offerings in the debt capital markets. (Dannenb erg and Kellner, 1998)Strong Foreign Currency ReserveForeign exchange reserves form part of the national assets and these needs to be deployed rationally keeping in mind the principles of safety, liquidity, and return. The reserves, which are currently deployed by the HLBs in-house reserve management treasury dealers, are in short-term high quality bank deposits. (Naser, Jamal, and Al-Khatib, 1999)Reliable and Secured Payment SystemsTo reduce the settlement time significantly and increase cost effectiveness the bank plans to establish an electronic clearinghouse to do almost every transactions online with tighten security and handy usability. Opening an account, apply for credit cards are already in place. The bank further steps in mobile banking for dedicated user. Recently the bank introduces e-broker services (HLeBroking). HLeBroking allows the flexibility of placing orders either through a phone call to our trading hub or via the internet. Professional dealers centralized in the hub are always on hand to execute transactions and monitor shares investment portfolio. (Shankar, Smith, and Rangaswamy, 2003) (Harris and Goode, 2004)4.4 Implication and military rank of AnalysisDuring this analysis it was assumed that strategies are reasonably orderly and knowable and, in turn, that manifest can help to evaluate theories that claim to explain these strategic positions. Data and information often founded confusing and imperfect. It seems almost certain that no single study can validate or invalidate a theory. Besides, there is a good chance that a large number of studies will not generate consistent results. (Agrawal, 2001)The methodology were used in analysis is not about developing a foolproof system it is at least partly an art. There is no mechanical system that will escape judgment, sense, and intelligence. tho this does not eliminate the need for techniques and standards. Product delivery approaches, geography, demography does plays role in strategic posi tion which were missing in the analysis done. (Hong Leong Bank, 2009)The strategic supply process adopted by HLB was participative, consultative and result oriented. But the takes time to achieve results. While some important factors the bank missed out during strategic choices, individual departments must do their respective environmental scans through a SWOT analysis whereby they identified their internal strengths and weaknesses as well as the external opportunities and threats. (Hong Leong Bank, 2009)Business trends changes randomly. Todays product may not be available tomorrow. Thus no strategic plan could be exactly fit into business strategy. However, HLB could consider a more diversified strategy which would be more beneficial to determine strategic stand.Justification of a StrategyAs the strategic position and strategic choices are different from the matrix analysis, a better strategic growth model is optimal solution.5.1 McKinsey Growth PyramidMcKinsey growth pyramid is a n upgraded interpretation of Ansoff Matrix with broader discussing of important strategic factors. With every possible action there are certain alternatives (e.g. acquisition, joint ventures, alliances etc) with risk measurement from low to high.Existing products to existing customersThis is considered lowest risk options go on businesses with current asset and current customer. But itll not be much beneficial for bank in long terms.Existing products to new customersIntroduce existing products to new customer which may help them meet their daily financial needs so that they dont look for other financial choices. Consumers always look for much return while bank always looks for low give-away. New customers can be a turning point for any bank. Demographical (e.g. adult, children, senior) products would be vital products to attract new customers. (Harris and Goode, 2004)New products and servicesOver time, new products must be channeled into banking business. Broader distribution if I slamic banking could be a important factor. It is seen that many nom-Muslims adopted for Islamic banking. Since there is trend of Islamic banking growth, the bank should not take the risk to risk the potential customers due to lack of proper preparation. Some of the products may be delivered to existing customers. Risk may incur if the products doesnt appeal the customers. (El-Bdour and Erol, 1989) (Gerrad and Cunningham, 1997)New delivery approachesTodays consumer seek more convenient service provider. Banks are not exempted indeed. Many banks had adopted special facilities for different customers. Priority banking could be one solution. In priority banking everyone is unique and therefore has very specific financial needs. Thats why bank will offer a comprehensive range of privileges for convenience. Setting up special services only for young genesis can be another important product delivery approaches. Dedicated services will invite more young generation to adopt the services. H owever, it could cost the bank some extra amount and if the products are not selling well, bank will face loss of resources. (Yoon, Guffey, and Kijewski, 1993) (Mols, 2001)http//www.filecluster.com/screenshots/61893.gifNew geographiesGeographical expansion is one of the most powerful options for growth but also one of the most difficult. The bank already went global opening branches in Singapore and Vietnam. This strategy is prove fine for well reputed bank (e.g. Citibank) but it has to be cautious in business. Geographical movement may bring new customers with solid financial needs but the bank has narrow down the scope of services due to high risk. (Sanzo et al, 2003)New industry structureThe bank may re-assert the liquidity dealership and continue to address the yield challenge. While economics of the business have changed, unlike other countries, pricing and credit spreads did not adjust in tandem in the Malaysia. The quality of strategic asset-liability management, liquidi ty and capital management differentiates. Re-asserting core businesses with efficiency, unit cost management, operating leverage, dynamic pricing as well as customer value or returns on each customer relationship. Cross-selling and customer service are key success factors. (Agrawal, 2001)New competitive arenasUsing competitive arena, business may transfer their resources and knowledge to new industry using vertical integration. This may pose immense risk to bank itself. Bank may loose it all investment. Despite the risk, this will help the bank grows rapidly and spread their products throw many distribution channels. (Gronroos, 1997)ConclusionThe pre- and post-crisis strategic postures are a tale of worldwide economic fall down. The postures are characterized by the scaling up of the business, refining value propositions in each business, responding to competition and price war, arrive at new capabilities and strengthening the risk and IT infrastructure as the bank sought to incre mentally improve our market share and positioning. (Hong Leong Bank, 2009) (Gustafsson, Johnson, and Roos, 2005)The era ahead is more opportunistic in nature, with a rapidly changing eco-system and higher regulatory and prudential requirements. The shadow of the state on the sector globally is more pronounced. (Auh et al, 2007)Overall, the banks competitive strategy has to swivel on a competitive delivery, consisting of quality people, knowledge base and result oriented capability, market intelligence and local community embedment, entrepreneurialism and how it organize itself to scale and build new names. As it emerges from the crisis, it needs to re-segment the customers to market changes and re-build a compelling proposition on how to scale sustainability while staying opportunistic tactically. (Auh et al, 2007)ReferencesAuh, S., Bell, S.J., McLeod, C.S., Shih, E. (2007), Co-production and customer loyalty in financial services, daybook of Retailing, Vol. 88 no3, pp.359-70.Fom brun, C., Shanley, M. (1990), Whats in a name? Reputation building and corporate strategy, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 33 No.2, pp.233-48.Gustafsson, A., Johnson, M., Roos, I. (2005), The effects of consumer satisfaction, relationship commitment dimensions, and triggers on consumer retention, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 69 No.4, pp.210-18.Harris, L.C., Goode, M.M.H. (2004), The four levels of loyalty and the pivotal role of trust a study of online services dynamics, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 80 pp.139-58Roberts, K., Varki, S., Brodie, R. (2003), Measuring the quality of relationships in consumer services an empirical study, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 37 No.1-2, pp.169-96.Sanzo, M.J., Santos, M.L., Vzquez, R., lvarez, L.I. (2003), The effect of market orientation on buyer-seller relationship satisfaction, Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 32 No.4, pp.327-45.Shankar, V., Smith, A., Rangaswamy, A. (2003), customer satisfaction and loyalty in online and offline env ironments, International Journal of Research in Marketing, Vol. 20 pp.153-75.Spreng, R.A., Chiou, J. (2002), A cross-cultural assessment of the satisfaction formation process, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 36 No.7-8, pp.829-39.Yoon, E., Guffey, H.G., Kijewski, V. (1993), The effects of information and company reputation on intentions to buy a business service, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 27 pp.215-28.Porter, M E. (1985) Competitive benefit Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, New York The Free Press.Gronroos, C., (1997) Value-driven Relations Marketing From Products to Resources and Competencies. Journal of Marketing Management, Volume 13, Number 5, p. 407-419.Agrawal, P. (2001), The relation between savings and growth co-integration and causality evidence from Asia, Applied Economics, Vol. 33, pp. 499-513.Chen, T.Y. (1999), Critical success factors for various strategies in the banking industry, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol. 17 No. 2, pp. 83-9 1.Dannenberg, M. and Kellner, D. (1998), The bank of tomorrow with todays technology, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 90-7.Filotto, U., Tanzi, P.M. and Saita, F. (1997), Consumer needs and front-office technology adoption, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 13-21.Mols, N.P. (2001), Organising for the effective introduction of new distribution channels in retail banking, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 35 No. 5/6, pp. 661-86.Fornell, C. and Wernerfelt, B. (1987), Defensive marketing strategy by customer complaint management a hypothetic analysis, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 24, November, pp. 337-46.Jones, M.A., Mothersbaugh, D.L. and Beatty, S.E. (2000), Switching barriers and repurchase intentions in services, Journal of Retailing, Vol. 76 No. 2, pp. 259-74.Evans, K.R. and Beltramini, R.F. (1987), A theoretical model of consumer negotiated pricing an orientation perspective, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 51, pp. 58-73.Ja rvelin, A. and Lehtinen, U. (1996), Strategic integration in industrial distribution channels managing the interfirm relationship as a strategic asset, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 4-18.Hong Leong Bank (2009), last accessed on 10th Dec 2009,Available at El-Bdour, R. and Erol, C. (1989), Attitudes, behaviour and patronage factors of bank customers towards Islamic banks, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol. 7 No. 6, pp. 31-7.Gerrad, P. and Cunningham, J.B. (1997), Islamic banking a study in Singapore, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol. 15 No. 6, pp. 204-16.Haron, S., Ahmad, N. and Planisek, S. (1994), Bank patronage factors of Muslim and non-Muslim customers, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol. 12 No.1, pp. 32-40.Metawa, S.A. and Almossawi, M. (1998), Banking behaviour of Islamic bank customers perspectives and implications, International Journal of Bank Marketing, Vol. 16 No. 7, pp. 299-313.Naser, K., Jamal, A. and Al-K hatib, K. (1999), Islamic banking a study of customer satisfaction and preferences in Jordan, International Journal of Bank Mark

500 Days of Summer Analysis | Reversing Gender Roles in Film

500 Days of summertime Analysis Reversing Gender Roles in FilmNarrator This is a fib of boy meets girlYou should realise up front, this is not a hunch over story. (500) Days of spend (Marc Webb, 2009) as Chasing Amy (Kevin Smith, 1997), Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless head word (Michael Gondry, 2004) is another of these revelations full of originality which differs from the amativeistic waggery patterns. The film is presented as an alternative wild-eyed comedy mainly because of three main reasons. To begin with, it anticipates to the spectator that the two main characters are not release to finish together, which as we have previously seen breaks the mould of the romantic comedy genre. Then, it introduces to the viewer that the happy ending one usually deduces from romantic comedies it is not termination to be seen. Finally there is a variation of the representation of the traditional sex activity roles of heterosexual relationships.As the film starts by the omniscient narrator commenting This is not a fare story The narrative of the film hinges on the central protagonist tom (Joseph Gordon-Levitt) who is introduced showing the several flashbacks and flash-forwards of the story of his 500 days with Summer (Zooey Deschanel). Presenting a similar structure to High Fidelity (Stepthen Frears, 2000) or to the already analysed Michel Gondrys Eternal Sunshine of a Spotless Mind the film has the same nonlinear narrative showing forwards and backwards in the story of the relationship suggesting the image of a puzzle with a few pieces missing. Like Kaufmans film, this nonlinear story about a romance is told after the couples failure however it lacks a component present in Eternal Sunshine of a Spotless Mind it does not present a possible second chance for Tom and Summer.Reversing grammatical sexual practice role of romantic comedy stereotypes. Romantic love (Tom) versus Giddens Confluent roll in the hay (Summer).Romantic comedy is a genre that is commo nly labelled as being a womens genre. Although there are exceptions in the genre, there is usually a heroine who a female viewer can identify and empathise with (Claire Mortimer, 20).In lineage to Mortimers quote alternative romantic comedies frequently focus on gender role reversals setting out to prove the male hero can be as sensitive and desperate for love as the female characters are as happens in films such as Pagafantas, (Borja Cobeaga, 2009) where Chema (Gorka Otxoa) is madly in love with Claudia (Sabrina Garcianera) but she sees him merely as a friend. In (500) Days of Summer gender reversal is represented through the portrayal of the characters Tom and Summer. In the case of Tom, he has more in common with the heroines of romantic comedies that are hopelessly romantic and desperate to find the one, they cannot imagine themselves being happy without a man, too caught up in their obsession with romance to notice the men who could bring it into their lives. Tom totally repre sents the hopeless and perhaps foolish romantic who believes in love and wants that one great person in his lifeTom I love how she makes me feel, like any things possible, or like life is worth it.In relation to this gender role reversal Giddens believes that today, women have a far greater phase of equality In the current era, ideals of romantic love tend to fragment under the pressure of female sexual emancipation and autonomy (Giddens, 1992 61). It is because of this, that romantic gender roles and expectations in todays society have changed. This change Giddens refers to is represented in the character of Summer. As it was previously mentioned in the typical romantic comedy women are portray as obsessive as the relationship-desperate characters as happens in Gone With the Wind (Victor Fleming, 1939) where during the Civil War Scarlett OHara (Vivien Leigh) is desperately in love with Ashley Wilkes (Leslie Howard) who is going to get marry to another woman or as it also occurs in My Best Friends Wedding (P.J. Hogan, 1997) where Julianne Potter (Julia Roberts) acts as an obsessive and desperate character trying to exclude Michaels wedding. Summer plays the opposite role to Scarlet and Julianne she acts as a character that rejects commitment, emotionally withdrawn wrong man usually presented in romantic comedies and flavor for a romance with no commitment moving away from the role of the stereotypical heroine in the romantic comedyTom What happens if you go by in love?Summer Well, you dont believe that, do you?Tom Its love. Its not Santa Claus.Tom acts under the influence of romantic pop songs and romantic comedies considering that it is possible for love to exist. Men, like women, fall in love and have done so throughout the recorded past (Giddens, 199258). Tom is represented as the character who believes in this forever unyielding love (romantic love). He still does not realise that love is so much more complicated than his concept of it, and that req uires, among other things, the understanding of Summer. In contrast to romantic love, Giddens introduces the term of confluent love. He claims that confluent love is active, contingent love, and therefore jars with the for-ever, one-and-only qualities of the romantic love complex (Giddens, 1992 61). In relation to this concept Summer is the character that portrays the notion of confluent love. Summer sees the relationship from another perspective far from a traditional model of love till death us do part (Tom) versus to see how it works and whether it is convenient (Summer). Although she accepts to begin the relationship she warns Tom that she does not believe in love when she says Theres no such thing as love, its fantasy and does not want a boyfriend, and no matter how intimate they become she insists that they are merely friendsSummer Summer Were just frTom TomInterruptingTom No Dont pull that with me This is not how you treat your friend Kissing in the copy room? Holding hands i n IKEA? Shower sex? Come on Friends my ballsThis gender role reversal could be identified as one way in which the film breaks with the romantic comedy formula in which the image of Tom is feminized and Summer represents the dominant character of the film adhering obvious conventions (boy meets girl boy and girl face obstacles to their romantic union boy and girl conquer obstacles to find true love) from the romantic comedy formula.

Types of Foundations, Building Frames and Partitions

Types of Foundations, Building Frames and PartitionsTASK 1.1Alternative sub- reflexion solutionsIn any construct the superstructure, substructure (foundations) and the supporting lubricating oil acts in a coordinated way to supply structural stability. consequently the foundations act as connection between superstructure and the ground. victorious foundations should beFoundations must be at minimum depth and size without exceeding the all(a)owable bearing capacity of the soil.They must be strong sufficiency to provide stability to the supporting structure.They must be able to withstand natural ground movements from corrosive chemicals, frost, moisture and heat.They must be economical and sustainable.For our Englemere colonization project we used Strip and ramble foundations.Foundations go off be classified asShallow FoundationsStrip FoundationsTraditional Strip Foundations ditch fill FoundationsCombined- Stepped FoundationsPad FoundationsRaftsPier and Beam FoundationsDeep Fo undations upsurged FoundationsDisplacement Piles transposition PilesShallow FoundationsThe foundations which ar placed beneath the lowest part of the structure and near to the ground level argon shallow foundations.Strip FoundationsStrip foundations are the most common foundations used in braid, it is a strip of cover running under all load bearing walls. The depth and the width of the strip foundations depends on the nature of the soil and superstructure load, they can be 500-700 mm blanket(a) and as deep as per the nature of the soil/ground.Strip foundations can be either traditional strip or trench fill and some(prenominal) can be stepped.Traditional Strip FoundationsStrip foundations are used where soil has good bearing capacity. onus is transmitted at 45 degrees fee from the base of the wall. The width of strip foundation is three time the width of the wall. Thickness should be at least 150 mm, but 300 mm is most comm notwithstanding used. Depth should be 450 mm minimum measured from refinemented ground level to protect from frost attack. propose Appendix 1.Trench fill FoundationsTrench fill is quicker and more cost effective than traditional strip. The thickness should not be little than 500 mm and should finish 150 mm below ground level. Trench should be dug to a depth where subsoil provides sufficient load bearing capacity, usually it is 1m deep. See Appendix 2.Stepped FoundationsStepped foundations are used on sloping sites. As top of foundation has to be level and on slopping sites foundations can end up as well deep. Stepped foundations reduce the quantity of excavating and cost. The step should not be bigger than the thickness of foundation and should work with heights of the bricks. Overlap should be at least in two ways the height of the step.Raft foundationsReinforced concrete raft is used when bearing capacity of soil is low. It spreads the load from structure over a large area. Reduces the amount of excavating. Concrete raft is us ually at least 150 mm thick. Sometimes the raft is thickened under load bearing walls. See supplement 3.Pad foundationsPad foundations are used when isolated loads need to be supported, spreading the load to the ground below. They are used for columns or inclose constructions. Pad foundations are constructed from reinforced concrete. See Appendix 4.Pier and beam foundationsPier and beam foundations are be from brick, block or timber piers on concrete pads. Beams sit on the piers and are usually raised above the ground to create a crawl space underneath. Pier and beam is a cost effective foundation for smaller edifices. See adjunct 5.Deep FoundationsThe foundations that are constructed below ground level while exploitation artificial arrangements much(prenominal) as piles can be termed as deep foundations.Pile foundationsPile foundations are used to transfer load of superstructure through weak soil onto strong soil or rock. Piles can be displacement or replacement. Pile caps or beams sit on top of the piles. See appendix 6.Displacement piles are driven into the ground by pushing the soil out of the way. They are friction piles. This method is very noisy and vibrating. just there is no soil to be removed from site.One of displacement methods is helical screw piling. A helical pile consists of a galvanised steel neb onto which is welded a series of circular steel plates. They are power drilled in to the ground. Advantages are fast installation, vibration and noise free, sustainability (can be removed and reused).Replacement piles remove soil and replaces with reinforced concrete. They are end bearing piles. All soil needs to be removed from site but it is less vibrating and noisy than displacement pilling.Causes of Foundation FailureFailure in transferring the load between superstructure and soil can lead to building movement and cracking, but trial of foundations cannot be held alone responsible for cracking there can be another(prenominal) reasons f or these kind of damages. Seasonal movements, chemical attack, building alterations, trees, soil creep and shifting ground conditions are few causes of foundation failures.Alternative systems for structures, envelope and roof coveringsConstructed structures start with architectural and engineering plans, however all structures follow basic invention steps as followsPreparing the siteInstalling foundationsBuilding the readyworkEnclosing the structureFinishing the exterior and interiorCompleting the siteBuilding the modelingThe word formwork depends on the foundations as foundations provide base for building the fashion model. Floors, interior and exterior walls, ceilings and roof are included in the building process of cloth. Therefore framework provides a rigid shape and structure to the buildings.Brick and block is a traditional method of building. Brick and block houses use a cavity wall construction with a gap filled with detachment. These walls are load bearing, they sup port understructure joist and roof.In MMC (modern method of construction) systems for structures framing process is mostly done offsite and are only erected on site. MMC system provides much quicker way of building. There are different types of frames as listed below are used in MMC systems for structures. stain frameTimber framePortal frameConcrete frameStructural Insulated Panels (SIPs)Insulated Concrete Framework (ICF)Steel frameSteel frame construction is a quick way of building as all the parts are manufactured offsite. It is a lightweight structure compared to traditional masonry or block work. Steel frame can be used from domestic housing to really tall skyscrapers and it is a sustainable way of building as steel can be recycled many times. The skeleton is formed from vertical steel columns and horizontal I beams. All the loads are transferred to foundation through columns.Timber frameTimber frame panelling system is another fast construction method used in domestic housing. All panels and roof trusses are made offsite and erected on site in a number of days. It has 30% shorter building times than brick and block. This means the house is water tight more quickly and other trades can start work sooner. Timber frame has higher insulation properties than brick and block.Portal framePortal frames are used for a single flooring construction which requires a large floor space for example warehouse, factories or supermarkets. It has no intermediate columns that mean large open space areas can be created within the structure. It is manufactured offsite fast construction.Concrete frameRC (reinforced concrete) frame is a very common type of building. The skeleton is made out of vertical columns, horizontal beams and slab in between. Concrete is cast into formwork.SIP (structural insulated panels)SIPS have very good insulation value and structural strength. SIPS panels can be used in walls, floors and roofs for domestic, industrial and other constructions. SIPS are made from Polystyrene (EPS) sandwiched between two Oriented Strand Boards (OSB) making them lightweight and quick to erect by interlocking them together.ICF (Insulated Concrete Framework)ICF involves building a site with laying a series of hollow blocks, made up of expanded polystyrene (EPS) and then are pumped with ready-mixed concrete. EPS provides a high insulation wrapping around the concrete once the structure is finished. This framing system not only provides speedy construction but also it gives a trade protection against sudden climatic changes. Although adopting ICF will cost higher than an average timber frame build but it can provide reduced construction times and lower energy bills.Thin JointThin joint provides improved thermal writ of execution and building accuracy over conventional brick and block construction. The structures are made with large aircrete block and quick drying mortar. 75% less mortar is used. This thin joint framing can be erected in no time, furthermore it provides a stability to the overall structure and an adaptation to extend the building at later date.The MMC building systems are used in order to scavenge construction time and the cost of the construction but they must be used after reviewing the local construction laws and other weather conditions.Building gasbagThe building envelope acts as a physical separator between an exterior and interior environment, therefore it can be termed as the building enclosure. It provides a shell to maintain an indoor environment of any building, it also helps in facilitating the climate control.Building envelope is exterior skin of the building that separates interior from exterior. It protects building from rain, wind and sun. Envelope includes external walls and roofs.External walls used in an envelope can be classified as followsCavity WallsStone claddingLoad bearing stone masonry wallsGlazed concrete blocksWood claddingExternal walls in making an envelope must provide the bea ring, insulation and shape to the building. To give more insulation to the external walls they must have insulating fillings, separate insulating layer and air insulating layer.Roof coveringsRoof covering must bear the following functions breastplate of the building against rainfall, snowfall etc and other weather conditions.Protection against cold, heat, overheating, wind and noise.Protection against fire.To cover all these protections roof covering must have the following items in its architectural designWater proofing insulationThermal insulationWind stabilitySound insulationRoofs are divided into Flat and Pitched.Flat roofs could be Ash felt, felt, EDPM, Fibre glass, glass.Pitched roofs could be lean to, couple, purlin, mansard, trussed, hipped, trussed rafter, attic truss.MMC alternatives for partition wallsPartitions are the vertical walls or panels that are used to divide portions of the building and they can be classified as load bearing or non-load bearing. Traditionally ti mber was used as partitions but with the advancement in construction methods and the use of light weight partitioning and light weight insulation block, its use as a partition is decreasing significantly.Partitions can be constructed using various materials, but the most common types of partitions areTimber Stud Partitions.Metal Stud or Dry wall Partitions.Glass Partitions.Sliding Partitions path dividersRe-locatable office PartitionsTimber Stud PartitionTimber stud partitions are non-load bearing and light weight partitions. Timber stud partitions consist of wooden framework between horizontal head and sole pieces at the top and bottom of the framework and a series of uprights called studs holding the whole framework. The noggings are intermediate rigidification material placed between the studs to ensure the overall stability of the framework. Timber frame partitions are formed with butt joints or framing anchors to significantly help the low labour cost and speed of erection. P lasterboard is usually used as a covering material for timber partitions.Metal Stud or Dry wall PartitionsMetal stud partitions are non-load bearing partitions consisting of a metal studding framework. This metal studding makes the partitions light weight but comparatively strong and shelter than timber stud partitions. They can be covered with ordinary plasterboards or special fire resistant sheets, which on final sealing can make these partitions sound proof as well as fire resistant. Metal stud partitions are quick and easy to erect, they are cost effective, sustainable for all types of buildings and they are available in variety of finishes. Due to these strong characteristics metal stud partitions are mostly used in public buildings and hospitals. The metal studs are manufactured from galvanised steel sheet folded into various shaped sections which slot into each other. The sections are produced in various distances ranging from 2.4 m to 6 m in length and widths ranging from 50 mm to 146 mm.Glass partitionsGlass fulfils an important role in creating divisions between indoors and out as well as between single(a) interior spaces.The technical advances in the material mean that it is suitable for a wider range of applications than ever before. Double single glazed options Excellent acoustic performance up to 47db (Rw) Attractive and Stylish Full range of manifestation options Wide range of profile colours 10mm and 12mm glazing Option of standard height or well(p) height doorsSingle glazing can be used where clean lines and an aesthetically pleasing design are essential. The partitioning is designed with the minimum amount of framework to give a frameless appearance. To maintain the open feel of the office environment frameless doors or framed glass doors are fitted within the system using floor pivots and patch fittings or floor springs if required.Where desired or in order to comply with building regulations, fully glazed panels have manifestatio n film employ to them. These can be used to simply highlight the presence of the partitions, create individual designs or incorporate company logos using either 10/12mm toughened glass depending on the height of the partition, glazing is achieved with the use of clear glazing gaskets that remove the need for silicone around the perimeter of the system.Vertical silicone joints maintain the optical simplicity of the product or clear plastic jointing sections to provide dry joints between glass panels.Appendix 1Traditional strip foundationsAppendix 2Trench fill foundationsAppendix 3Raft foundationsAppendix 4Pad foundationsAppendix 5Pier and beam foundationsAppendix 6Pile foundations

church :: essays research papers

Lecture Notes History 361 Witchcraft and Heresy in Europe Lecture 3 The Evolution of Christianity in Western Europe through the 11th Century 1.During the era 850-1100, Christianity as it was practiced in Europe was dominated by monks and monasteries. The world was wicked and alter with pollution. Those concerned with their salvation had to flee the world and then seek to cleanse themselves from its pollutions. Monasteries were on a lower floorstood to be places separate from the world where individuals could go to seek self-purification 2. Monasteries were organized desire other feudal estates. Most monasteries were founded by kings, queens and nobles. In this sense most abbots were like the vassals of great lords. In fact some abbots were warriors and fought for the lords. Most though, utilize themselves to prayer for the souls of the lord and his dependents. The relationship between the abbot of a monastery and the peasants attached to monastery lands was the same as the relat ionship between any landlord and his serfs. 3.Monks were workforce who lived by a regularisation or a written out code of conduct. For this reason they were know as regular clergy. The rule was understood to be a street toward spiritual perfection. At the heart of most rules was a vow of stabilitas, a vow to remain stationary in a given location. The opposite of monks were hermits, men who roamed around in the desert, actually the woods, as a path toward spiritual perfection. In Western Europe almost every monastery followed the Rule of St. Benedict of Nursia (6th century). In his rule St. Benedict set out simple rules emphasizing manual labor for monks to follow. No distinction based upon wealth was made between brothers. The rule of St. Benedict of Nursia was reformed by St. Benedict of Aniane in the 9th century. St. Benedict of Aniane made distinctions among brothers, basically pushing most of the manual labor off on unworthy brothers and servants, giving the full members the task of daily rituals of collective prayer. At the beginning of the eleventh century, Europe was dominated by two confederations of monasteries, those centered around Cluny in France, and those centered around Gorze in the Holy Roman Empire (Germany). Cluny insisted upon its independence of political authority, though in practice this meant that Cluniac monasteries were friendly to all individuals with power. Gorze and its daughter houses were under the supervision of the Emperor.

Engineering Plan :: essays research papers

Engineering PlanWe plan to implement the basic multi-cycle processor design as shown in the textbook, as well as pipelining and jump and inter-group communication. The toughest part of this design will be the datapath ascendance, for which we will be using a FSM. The ALU will implement add, sub, and, or, sll, and slt functions though a separate block is typically roled for shift operations, we felt that putting sll and srl in the ALU would simplify our design. All other basic functions (lw, sw, lui, beq, bne, j) will be implemented as show in the textbook.The processor will have two main stages accuse instructions into memory and execute instructions. Special instruction codes will be defined as stall and stop execution to work in conjunction with the FSM. The global reset will set all memory and registers to 0, and put the FSM in load instructions mode. We would like to use one memory module to store both instructions and data (with instructions starting at 0 and going up, an d memory starting at the highest address and going down), however this design would present some addressing headaches so we will most likely use separate memory modules for instructions and data.The main part of the pipelining implementation will be the hazard detection unit. We plan to have this work independent of the datapath control FSM as so to simplify FSM design. The hazard detection unit will control muxes to drive register forwarding and will issue stall instructions directly to the instruction register when needed.Jump and link will make use of a specially designated register (most likely one of the upper registers, since those arent used in the provided test function). Muxes will be used to feed the PC+4 into the regfile and the regfile output into the PC register. The datapath control FSM will control these muxes.